Family, Friends and Neighbors

The Bhutanese are a very social. To go anywhere alone is essentially incomprehensible. Walking to school, walking to the shop in the afternoon, certainly a trek from Gaselo to Chamgang via Nahi. Even a group of Bhutanese will have a guide for a hike, they want someone along who is familiar with the area. None of the take off on your own frame of mind which is so prevalent in the U.S. However, navigation here is much more difficult. The trails are a result of use and generally lead to someone’s house. Signs are unheard of and routes can be mysterious, especially when wandering in the rural areas. There are established hikes that are written up in guide books and those trails are usually easier to follow. Everyone here is just programmed to have company of some sort all the time, even if it is for a five minute stroll to school. I am always asked, “charo?,” meaning friend, where is your friend? At one nearby monastery, Shalipanca, an older monk looked around behind me apparently disbelieving I was walking all that way by myself, he kept asking, charo? Many times I spend the evenings cooking dinner for myself and reading. The Bhutanese clearly think I am deprived. I have always enjoyed quiet alone time, especially here where each day is filled with the challenges of communicating in a foreign country. To their dismay I do not even have a TV!

     Television has become ubiquitous here, every house, tiny rural shacks to urban apartments, every place of business, some the size of a closet open to the sidewalk, has a TV on all the time. The picture is often grainy, the TVs are generally small, of low quality, and the reception poor but it is a window to a different world. The programming consists of a few Bhutanese channels, one of which is national news, several Indian channels, soap operas and movies, BBC which is nice, CNN, and some American channels which include lots of wrestling, Discovery (which is quite popular), and some older shows and movies. Sports are also popular, football (soccer), cricket, and the NBA seem to be the ones many people follow. No one knows anything about American football, they all think it is the same as rugby. Another aspect of TV everywhere is cable stung from every building and run to every apartment in random lengths, often wrapped around a pole or even a house as it seems they are reluctant to cut the cable to size. People here are curious about the world but their connection to family and friends is very strong and most folks find comfort in being close to home. 

     The building I live in is four units, two up and two down. The other three are occupied by families of at least four people ranging in age from one to me as the elder. This little neighborhood provides a lot of company for all who live there. Everyone is in and out of each other’s place all the time, I am on the low end of the visitation scale. They take care of each other’s kids, share meals, and just provide company so no one is alone. The building is new and we are the first set of tenants, but they are all Bhutanese so they are automatically familiar with each other no matter how long they have been in this area or where there home might be. Obviously a marked contrast to the U.S. where so many people do not know their neighbors and often feel wary of them as strangers.

      The traditional Bhutanese house has a large room for the kitchen. It is the communal area of the house, it is likely where everyone is unless they are doing something specific in another part of the

house. Meal prep can be an ongoing affair during the day as food is readied for three meals. Many people might help and meals are taken on the floor with everyone sitting in a loose circle around the serving dishes. A few folks coming and going is not uncommon, meal times are flexible and it is OK for folks to eat when the have time. Meals are pretty quick, Bhutanese are efficient eaters and socializing, except on holidays, is generally at a minimum during the meal itself. Many newer Bhutanese houses, like mine, have a separate room for the kitchen, a bit like the houses built in the U.S. during the 50’s and 60’s. It confines the cooks to an area away from the group which seems very un-Bhutanese to me. In the U.S. all kitchens in newer housing include living areas so many people can congregate where the action is. Perhaps Bhutan will move in that direction in the future.

Traditionally Bhutanese sit on the floor, furniture is sparse, but more and more folks here have furniture in their living areas. Some of them, like most Americans, have gotten stiff and do not sit on the floor comfortably. Others just seem to like the idea of furniture. I was at my neighbors for dinner the other night and the whole group ended up pushing the table aside and sitting in a circle on the floor, clearly the more comfortable arrangement for these folks. Fortunately we sit on the floor a lot at home so I am happy to sit there any time.

     Even though their country is rather sparsely populated the Bhutanese have no personal space issues. They will walk close together, frequently brushing against each other. When someone is walking past them they will give just enough room to squeeze through but not always without touching. I have seen many tourists, North American and European, with expressions that indicate they believe they have been rudely treated when this happens, whereas in reality they are getting treated like everyone else. People of all ages and genders will sit close together, touching or arm around the shoulders. However, this does not apply to couples, public displays of affection at any level are nonexistent. 

 Families here are very different from those in the U.S. In Bhutan the bonds that bind a family together are determined by birth. One’s family ties remain pivotally important throughout one’s life no matter what. In the U.S. we determine the bonds that tie us together by how much time we spend together. It is very possible for family members in the U.S. to grow apart from each other to the point they seldom communicate or see each other. The small size of Bhutan along with the homogeneity of the population make things easier but the culture here dictates absolutely that family ties are permanent. Many children grow up in boarding schools only seeing their parents for a few months each year. Parents think nothing of leaving their children with relatives while they travel abroad for an education or move to another part of the country for a job. They do not need to worry about developing that strong sense of family through time spent together like we Americans do. As a result Bhutan has only a very few older people who are not being looked after by their children. However, as western ideas move in the number of geriatric indigent is growing. Time will tell where things end up here in Bhutan.

Tsechu, a Buddhist county fair?

The country of Bhutan is divided up into 20 districts or Dzongkhags. Each one is a bit like a county, small enough that the administration is quite accessible by everyone. The Dzongkhag officials are responsible for the schools in the district and for overseeing the other civil servants and their respective duties. Every Dzongkhag has a ceremony called Tsechu, typically a three day event which happens annually but at a different time of year for each district. There are perhaps 20 other Tsechus as welI which are hosted by various monasteries and such. I reside in Wangdue Phodrang and this past week, Thursday, Friday, Saturday was our Tsechu. Since Sunday is our holiday for the week this gave me four days off in a row. I felt like I should really do something with the time but I did not want to go to far because I did want to see some of Tsechu.

Not too long ago roads were few and far between in Bhutan and people traveled by foot over trails that had existed for centuries. Folks living here in Gaselo would walk over to Nahi and up over Hingle La and down to Thimphu. I had been curious about this walk since I arrived. There is another BCF teacher who lives in Chamgang, this side of Thimphu, which gave me a destination a bit short of going all the way down to the city. So Thursday morning I rose early and hit the trail at 5:30 which is not too long after first light this time of year. I walked to Nahi, a route I had explored and was somewhat familiar with, which took me past a trio of ancient chortens which have become dear to me as a special gate from “my” part of the valley around the ridge toward Nahi. At Nahi I walked the road which accesses that valley and ran across a barking deer and a fox with bushy black tail. I had a bit of a mix up at the end, the road petered out and I walked up to a house where I saw a young man standing in the yard. As I approached I said that I thought I had lost my way. He agreed in a matter of fact way indicating that he understood there was no way his yard was my intended destination. He explained my error and walked with me back to the fork in the road I had missed due to a “shortcut”. It was nice to be pointed in the right direction and a 20 minute side trip was not the end of the world. The road ended shortly and then I was back on my favorite route, the old trail leading toward Hingle La, the pass between me and Chamgang. The trail is little used although very well established. Bhutanese do not hike for recreation so there is little traffic on the trails. This trail is apparently one chosen by the Fourth King as a mountain bike route, he is an enthusiastic rider himself, which might have contributed to how well cleared the trail seemed to be. A surprising number of hours later I was over the pass and resting by a very

old water driven prayer wheel and two old chortens. The whole way up had been in forest with only an occasional glimpse of the surroundings. When I checked the altitude and found it to be 10,700ft I soon understood that I had climbed about 5000 vertical feet, no wonder I was tired and the time so late! As I began the 2 ½hr walk to Chamgang it began to rain, it rained steadily almost all the way, I was a drowned rat by the time I reached Matt and Lucy’s. Just as well they weren’t home and I could spread out, bathe, become human again and be ready to catch a ride to Thimphu to meet them for dinner. Being treated to dinner by Matt’s parents was wonderful after what turned out to be close to a 20 mile day with a big climb.

The following day I ran errands in Thimphu and succumbed to the temptation of a western style lunch with Val, a fellow BCF teacher from Rukubji which is also in Wangdue. After enjoying a fresh salad, pizza and beer sipped from a coffee mug, all restaurants will serve beer before the official 1:00pm “opening time” but it is done discreetly, I headed out of town. I was waiting at a major junction outside of town when a college student who was with a group going on a 3 day “picnic” approached me and said they had 16 bus tickets and only 15 students, would I like to use the extra. So I ended up on the bus over Docha La, things so often work out in Bhutan in unexpected ways.

Saturday morning I was in Wangdue on the Tsechu grounds as things were opening up. The Tsechu is essentially a 3-5 day Buddhist ceremony. The focal point of the event is the dance ground set up with seating on all sides. This Tsechu is currently being held outside, normally they are held in the Dzong which is the fortress-temple-administrative building for each Dzonkhag. These buildings have a history of burning and the Wangdue Dzong burned just over a year ago. The principal activity is three days of dancing, each dance is performed by a group of dancers in elaborate costume often

including masks. Each dance is a cultural event and the Bhutanese can tell you the story behind and the reason for each dance. The culmination seems to be on the third day when the dance depicts the eight manifestations of the Guru Rinpoche who is also represented in the dance by the High Lama of Wangdue in costume and mask. He is then seated and all the guests, which includes tourists, administrators etc are blessed and then it is time for the commoners. The residents of Wangdue queue up for many hours as thousands get blessed one by one, leave a small donation and receive an orange sunki (string) which is worn around one’s neck. I, for
some reason, disdain my opportunity to be with the tourists and wait in line later in the afternoon with everyone else.

            The day opened with a formal procession and a religious ceremony by the Wangdue monk body but next to the dance ground is an area with hundreds of booths set up. Food and drink, trinkets, clothes, games of chance and whatever else one might expect to find at the county fair. The crowd is decked out in their best kira and gho, the children are all excited, the festive atmosphere is pervasive.

            After a wonderful day I headed to Punakha to resume my usual weekend pursuit, a visit with Sarah and a walk on Sunday followed by some shopping in Bajo and the process of finding a taxi for the return to Gaselo.

            Tuesday I was walking to school and saw that all the cars were decorated, ribbons, balloons and bows festooned every vehicle. I found out it was an Indian celebration, Viswa Karma Puja, that has been adopted in Bhutan. It is a day for all creations to be blessed, this includes machines of all kinds which is why the cars were dressed up for their blessing. Bhutanese love their cars, very often they will be parked at the side of the road where a convenient stream or water fall is used as the water source for washing their car inside and out. So this day allows them to dote on their car and is enjoyed by many.

Rantum Scoot, Nga Shey Di Jo Mi

 Fellow BCF teacher Sarah , who is an english teacher in Punakha, reads a lot, etc. picked up a term from the whaling days on Nantucket Island. The whaling community had developed its own dialect and “rantum scoot” seems to me to mean random wandering, walkabout, aimless stroll. In Bhutan recreational options are limited, very few Bhutanese have any interest in physical activity as recreation, especially walking, hiking, trekking, whatever one might name it. However, they do

have a response to the ever present question, “going where sir?” My answer is “nga shey di jo mi”, I around am going. This is a perfectly acceptable answer, everyone is satisfied and no lies have been told. Many of our short weekends involve a rantum scoot on Sunday. This past Sunday we decided to explore the valley above the old town of Punakha.

We headed up the road out of town and soon set our sights on a Lakhan which sits atop a ridge high above. All the roads in Bhutan are new and there are always “shortcuts.” Often one is asked, how did you come down, by road or shortcut? Shortcuts are walking paths that cut the switchbacks or take another route all together. As we headed up the road, keeping to the route that kept climbing toward our ridge top temple, we were able to peek into valleys unseen from below and to spot Lakhans perched on ridge tops ever higher and more distant. The ever present summer clouds were playing on the summits, everything was green and growing like crazy, a perfect summer day in the foothills of the Himalaya. After walking far enough to begin to feel it we

ran across some boys watching a few cows and climbing around in some fruit trees. A bit of a visit saw us on our way with several persimmons and small pomegranates to fuel out travels. I was traveling particularly light on this day, camera in my pocket, so the fruit was much appreciated. We continued to climb steadily the cloud line playing hide and seek with the higher ridges but blue sky and sunshine at our level.

Three and a half hours of steady walking brought us to our intended Lakhan only to find it was construction site. The Temple, Choekar Khaling, had been damaged significantly in an earthquake and was being replaced. The monk’s

quarters were newly finished and the foundation for the temple had been laid. There was a crew of about a dozen laborers working on the project. All materials that could not be obtained from the surrounding forest had to be brought up the long slippery road in a trailer behind a farm tractor. We were talking with the foreman, a monk in civies who had done many things including some work as a guide, his english was quite good and he seemed to be interested in and comfortable with speaking with chilips. He invited us to have a cup of tea, again a welcome refreshment since I was carrying nothing. He told us many little stories about his life and the temple. He also pointed out a foot path which would take us down through the forest in a much more direct route than the one we had followed on the way up.

A ways down we upon an area that had been roto-tilled by wild boar. We heard animal sounds in the not too distant brush which sounded like boar. Yep, we walked a little faster and I was happy to get onto part of the trail which was a wonderful pine needle strewn path with no sign of porcine earthmovers. As we neared the valley floor we encountered houses. Trails in Bhutan are created solely by traffic and so anytime a house is in the vicinity all paths will lead to the house, not necessarily in the direction in which you want to continue. At the first house we were greeted by an older woman who offered tea but it was getting late and we moved on. A ways below the houses the trail seemed to evaporate and we did some serious bushwhacking and paddy crossing. All part of the scoot, eventually we ended up on the road that we had travelled earlier in the day. A mile down the road we are across from the Dzong where I can put my 20nu down and get a cold, yes out of a fridge, liter bottle of water. I often feel this moment is the best 20nu ever spent in Bhutan as the

liter of cold water slakes my day long thirst and forgives me for traveling quite so light. So far this

year we have many memorable Sunday scoots. Rating them is hard as each has it’s own charm but

this one earns style points for many reasons. I am very fond circle or point to point walks. This one was a very nice circle. This one offered fruit and tea along with a near boar experience. This one covered new territory, offered new views and great views of our lovely Punakha valley. The other day I learned this derivation for the name:

Pung – heaps or mounds, could be grain,  Thang – ground or plain, field,  Kha – identifies the dialect. So,  PungThangKha – the fields where the mounds of grain are stored, in the Kha dialect, morphed into Punakha.

All in all I give this scoot a high rating and look forward to the next one on Sunday, which isn’t so random as we already have the destination picked out and plans have been made. Meanwhile, should anyone ask, nga shey di jo mi.

Paro, Puja, parents and porridge

We headed for Paro on a Friday afternoon, the trip is about 140Km (87mi) which we anticipated to take about 4hrs which means we planned to average around 37Km/hr (23mph). Nearly all of the trip was on main highways in Bhutan illustrating how twisty and slow the roads are, throw in some areas under construction and a few stretches of poorly maintained road and it is no wonder it takes so long. I was traveling with a friend who is a teacher at Gaselo LSS, Zimba Gyeltshen. Bhutanese make a clear distinction between home, where one was born,  and where one currently lives. If you ask someone if they are going home after work they are likely to tell you no, their home is somewhere else. His home is a village very close to Paro and his parents were having the annual cleansing ceremony, or Puja, on Saturday. Every building, institution, and house in Bhutan hosts this ceremony, we had one for the entire school in the fall.

Traveling with us was an 11^th grade boy, Tshering Gyeltshen, whose aunt was the hostess this weekend and with whom he had lived for a good part of his life. As we neared Paro we stopped at the only main intersection on the trip to wait for another relative who was arriving on a bus. While waiting for him a cab pulled up with two young women inside who were part of the family coming from Thimphu. So it goes in this tiny country where everyone is related to or acquaintances with what seems like half the country.

We arrived at Zimba’s home to find his parents in the kitchen, the main room of the house. His father was deftly cutting beef on a round chopping block seated cross legged on the floor. Each swipe of the sharp blade cleanly cut another chunk which was added to a growing pile. Eventually this pile of beef chunks was added to the very large pot cooking away on the open fire in the “kitchen” out back. This is really a large shed 2/3 of which is a stall for the two cows with the remaining 1/3 a cooking area with the open fire in one corner. The pot contained a large batch of “porridge” to begin the next days festivities. Bhutanese define porridge as rice cooked in excess water until it becomes a thick broth, spices are added, notably thingnea pepper and then the beef chunks are added as well. All this cooks overnight. I found Zimba’s father tending the fire the next morning when I got up for a bit of a walk before six. Around seven local cheese cut up into pieces was added to  bucketsful of porridge which were distributed to houses of nearby relatives. The family and many guests then gathered in the kitchen to enjoy several bowls of porridge, more guests would filter in and out and I have no idea how many gallons of porridge were consumed. I discovered, as I ate porridge, that the beef chunks were primarily bone, which made the cleaving of the night before all that much more impressive as every stroke cut another piece. The bone pieces were sucked clean and tossed onto plates set out for that purpose or piled neatly on the floor if no plate was handy.

Six monks and a Lama arrived to begin the day long cleansing ceremony, their first order of business was to have several bowls of porridge. The ceremony takes place on a large shrine room or home temple. The shrine room in this house was extensive, intricately decorated, and divided into both the inner and outer rooms. The ceremony is chanting accompanied by horns and drums which lasts all day. Each time the monks took a break the family had a meal ready. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner, all rice, chili and meat curries in a variety of combinations. One of the curries had small golden mushrooms in it and was delectable. One of the “aunties” sits cross legged on the floor patiently slicing chilis into quarters longways for hours to provide the mounds of chilies required for each meal.

I took time out after breakfast to go into Paro and do some business at the bank. It took two hours as the bank’s system was down I went and watched some archery and returned some time later to stand in a very slow moving line. I was almost to the window when the guard ushered a blind mind to the front of the line. I recognized him as a local celebrity who I had seen on BBS the night before. We had an interesting chat and finally I was able to make my withdrawal. 

The walk back to Zimba’s home was less than thirty minutes, during the walk I travelled from a busy street full of people, cars, and shops of all sorts, to the heart of the tiny village of Nemjo which is carless, surrounded by rice paddies and composed of only traditional farm houses. The walk was almost like traveling back in time to a Bhutan which had existed in isolation for centuries. However, closer inspection reveals the ever present TV that is always on, the ubiquitous cell phone which is ever present even in the hands of children, and the casual western dress of the younger generations, all of these remind me that I am indeed in the 21^st century in a culture that is stepping from the 1800’s directly to the present. By midday the meals consisted of 4 generations and several shifts to accommodate everyone.

After lunch we rounded up gho, kabney, and the necessary offerings of butter lamp, incense, and a bag of the first rice harvested this year and pounded into edible flakes. This was in preparation for a visit to Kichu Lhakan, one of the nearby temples which is one of the six holiest in Bhutan. When we visit there seems to be an event going on, the parking is full. Inside there is a fairly large prayer session going on, among the monks praying, in song, there are nuns. It is the first time I have seen women participate in prayer in a Lhakan. Our offerings made we head home.

Later in the afternoon I prodded Zimba to go on a walk to prepare for the next meal. He took me around to his apple orchard. The family has numerous apple orchards, rice paddies, and family members occupy five house in the area. Zimba’s plot of apple trees, perhaps an acre or two, is the spot he hopes to build a house one day to and live near to his home. We pluck some apples from the trees and they are tasty indeed. As we are leaving one of his many “uncles” calls from a nearby house to ask who is the chilip stealing apples. After they palaver for a bit and reestablish who is who, Zimba is a bit of a stranger in his village as his teaching assignments have taken him away from home for many years, all is well. 

We continue around to his grandmothers house, she is 88 and does not get out of the house much. She still lives above the yard where her husband, Rinzin, stabled his strings of pack ponies. He was a trader who spent much of his life traveling to Tibet with goods to trade and return to his storehouse at his home near Paro. His wife, Tshering Bidha, can still tell stories about traveling on foot to Lhasa as a young unmarried woman following the man she wanted to wed. She returned to Paro and had a child at which time her mother had to give up on her attempts to thwart the marriage of Tshering Bidha to the trader. The marriage lasted a lifetime and the family established itself as an integral and important household in the village of Nemjo. We have a nice visit and like all older folks Tshering Bidha appeared truly to enjoy the unannounced visit of her grandson and his unlikely companion. As we walked through the rice paddies we could see the rice heading out on the top of the stems, hanging over a bit heavily as the 

grain matured. Some of the paddies were starting to turn a little golden from the vibrant green they had been earlier in the summer. The rice harvest is still a ways off but things are beginning to change as the days grow ever shorter.

Unlike Eastern Bhutan many households in Western Bhutan are essentially dry. In the East the consumption of ara at every occasion, sometimes starting at breakfast, is the norm but not so in the west. So, nearing the end of our circumnavigation Zimba and I venture into town to enjoy a beer, a whiskey, and some conversation. Between the walk and the drinks we feel well prepared for the final meal of the day. 

In the morning we finish up the last of the porridge and bathe in the bathroom out back with water heated in the big pot on the fire. Hooks and hangers, none in Bhutan, I love hooks to keep everything off the floor, if Bhutan is going to adopt one more thing from the west I suggest hooks everywhere. After a bit we have breakfast, then it is off up the hill a ways to a monastery which is associated with the village. The visit to Kichu and especially to this monastery are part of the ritual of the Puja for Zimba. He invites the two younger boys and three little children to go along with us. This trip to the monastery which is quite old and rather small overlooking the village is a fitting end for our stay in Paro. We go back to the house, eat lunch, pack up, at which point Zimba’s mother loads us up with bags full of produce and a bag of rice for Zimba. 

The trip home includes errands in Thimphu and Bajo, a stop for tea this side of Docha La brings us back to Gaselo to enjoy the packed lunch which was sent along. Whenever Bhutanese have a packed lunch whether it is on the trail or on the road it is the same lunch they would have had at home, rice, emma datsi, meat curry, all packed in plastic bags and eaten as is. 

Amusing musings on Bhutanese culture from a chilip’s perspective.

n.b. a chilip is a westerner, likely an American

Americans wear clothing with all sorts of logos and messages displayed in every manner ranging from large print on t-shirts to subtle diminutive logos on a lapel. Americans will also tell you exactly what the message or logo means, they are aware of the messages their clothes convey. Bhutanese will tell you that they pay absolutely no attention to anything which might appear on their clothes. For them the words and logos are just another form of decoration. Looking at the photo of the t-shirt one could certainly wonder how ‘a great regent at the casuals’ is determined.

            We were attending a school cultural program and spotted a young grade school girl on stage in a musical number wearing a t-shirt with a cartoon picture of a bird standing on its head and the words ‘flip the bird’ in large letters. Of the several hundred people watching the performance I am sure we were the only two being entertained by the little girl’s attire. OK, one more in the same vein. A shirt has been spotted with a picture of a cat and the advice ‘please don’t litter, remember to spay and winter’. Every time I see a cat I now wonder how to go about wintering them.

            Upon arriving in Bhutan many of us were eager to explore, to hike in the woods and mountains. All of us were at one time or another cautioned to be careful and to watch out for beer and snacks. As with most things which sound too good to be true we all came to the realization that we were being cautioned about bear and snakes. The pronunciation of bear to rhyme with beer is so entrenched that it was seen as the correct answer on a class XII English exam.

            The school uniform is the traditional gho for men and kira for women. As a nod to the culture I wear a gho to school every day. It is a large piece of fabric which is worn a bit like a kilt. The pleats, length, etc, etc, are strictly dictated by cultural norms. It is not common to see chilips in a gho, especially if it is being worn correctly. I have learned to put mine on and then ask for help to make sure all is well before venturing out. As a result I am often asked ‘do you wear your gho yourself sir?’. They mean to be asking if I am able to put it on by myself but I am always tempted to look into my large front pocket and say yes I think I am the only one in here.

            The verb to take is used to mean to eat and to drink in daily conversation. Do you take meat? Do you take beer? Do you take chilies? would be common questions. We chilips are often asked if we take rice. The Bhutanese do not consider any of the three daily meals complete without a substantial serving of rice. So when I am asked if I take rice it makes me think of taking a prescribed medicine three times daily. I am not a very good Bhutanese in this regard, on occasion I do take rice three times in a day but often I skip it and do not take the food prescribed by Bhutanese culture.

            These observations and many more keep me smiling here in Bhutan. Often times the cultural cross connection can be frustrating but if I can remember to look for the humor I can then smile when I am being told to ‘wait here for some time’ when I was hoping to get going a bit sooner.

Summer Break in Bhutan

          Many folks would consider 17 days traveling in Bhutan to be a full vacation worthy of note. How to explain, justify, even imagine living in Bhutan for a year and having 17 days off in the middle to explore the country? During the school year we are tied down 5½ to 6 days a week, so having a block of time to travel is quite an opportunity. During my two trips to Bhutan I have seen a fair amount of the western portion of the country but had never travelled east to the mythical heart of Bhutan. So east is the direction I wanted to point myself. Fortunately, a BCF colleague, Sarah Shmitt, felt the same way.

My journey began here in Gaselo with four friends who had come the night before. We went to meet our taxi and he had left us, fortunately some of the faculty were out and about that morning and one of them called another driver and we were all headed down the mountain to Bajo about an hour behind schedule. Fortunately the bus which we were meeting was on something close to our schedule and we all loaded up and headed east. The way things worked out that morning is a testament to what often happens when I can let things flow in the way of Bhutan and at the same time a premonition of how things might work out for our summer vacation. We were feeling like tourists in a rented bus picking up BCF teachers along the way. It was a pretty festive air by the time we rolled up in front of the River Lodge in Bumthang. Most of the BCF teachers were there including our compatriots from the east who were avidly heading west. The evening was fueled by Mark’s generosity culminating in many wonderful conversations and a few bleary eyes in the morning. The agenda for the first day of the BCF summer “retreat” was a tour which included Burning Lake, one of the many holy places in this area which is perhaps the spiritual heart of Bhutan, and then on to Uggen Choling which is an old “palace” of one of the landowning families of Bhutan. The buildings have been preserved by the family as a museum after they lost their large landholding in the property redistribution which occurred as reforms began to shape the Bhutan we see today.

The second day of the retreat was a business meeting covering all the necessary topics since this was the second of three times we would all be together during the year. The following day several of us explored the environs, some on a hike to Tarpoling Monastery, some on an excursion up the valley to some of the major Lhakangs in the area. Finally, the following morning 5 of us loaded up in a taxi and headed east. Our first stop was only a couple of hours down the road in Ura, a village which was home to one of the teachers Sarah worked with in Punakha. A visit to the local Lhakang was followed by a village tour where Sarah spotted and old woman moving a large pile of large rocks to her house. The 5 of us pitched in and made a good dent in the pile which concluded with the obligatory toast of ara. We then headed to the home of Sarah’s colleague and were treated to a full meal followed by the obligatory toast of ara. Throughout all these escapades we were accompanied by our taxi driver who seemed to be enjoying the outing as well. Then it was time for some serious travel time. Several hours later after cresting the cloud shrouded high pass on the national highway, Thrumshing La (3780m, 12,400ft), we arrived in Mongar. Driving speeds on the main east west highway in Bhutan are in the 25mph range so it takes a long time to get where you are going. Even at those speeds the excitement is ever at hand, huge cliffs on one side, landslides covering portions of the road, oncoming trucks which take up the vast majority of the roadway all add to the interest level. In Mongar Sarah and I left the other three as they headed north to Lhuntse and we continued ever east, a final 2½ hrs to Trashigang and we called it a night at the local BCF hangout, the KC motel.

In the morning we reconnoitered the town, did a bit of shopping, and arranged a taxi to Phongmey, the end of the road, almost. In Bumthang we had met with a BCF teacher who invited us to use her house in Phongmey while she was away in the west. We managed to find the house, get our gear rearranged, connect with the VP who put us in contact with a student to be our guide, procure a permit for the wildlife sanctuary, and set up a vehicle to drive us as far as possible toward Merak, the first of the two roadless villages we hoped to visit. The morning came with rain, steady rain, the vehicle driver said he did not want to drive in these conditions, we were left with our young guide and a big decision. In the end we headed out. Eleven hours later, much of it in the rain and where the new road construction overlapped the trail we were in mud that was unbelievably miserable. However, the last couple of hours were rain free as we climbed to Merak (3517m, 11,540ft). The last rays of the sun were actually casting shadows as we arrived in Merak. We were really tired, quite soggy, and pretty hungry. The Principal of the local school gave us permission to sleep in a classroom for the night, we then went to his house for tea and dinner which was huge. Sitting around the bukhari and letting the dry heat soak into our beings was bliss. After dinner we retired to the wooden floor of a class room where sleep was overwhelming. In the morning I met three Bhutanese who were travelling the same itinerary. They had arranged for a horse to carry their load over the pass to Sakten, we joined forces and added a second horse to our group. We also located the guest house and the caretaker and moved into a place with beds, bathroom, and bukhari. That meant we could spread out and dry things out in earnest. The villages both have covered tent sites and guest houses which were built for trekkers 10-15 years ago. Since that time the route has been closed to tourists and has only opened up in the past couple of years so these facilities have seen very little use. One of the fellows in the other party was a tour operator and he was doing the trek as research for marketing in the future.

After a wonderful rainy morning spent inside drying out we ventured into Merak, an ancient village whose people are Brokpa, a distinct cultural group within Bhutan. Their dress, language, and customs are all unique to this area. The Buddhism practiced here seemed to be very Tibetan in many ways. At the Lhakang the final day of a 5 day, 100,000 prayer, ceremony was happening. We showed up around lunchtime and were immediately given four huge fried dumplings along with esay so salty I could hardy eat one of my favorite things. Following that we visited the temple and the watched as they demonstrated one of the local dances so that our tour operator friend could get some photos. Quite a day as we poked into one of the shops and concluded that given our limited cooking utensils dinner would have to be instant noodles with the last of the veggies.

Morning dawned with intermittent rain and soon we were sitting on the floor of a local home enjoying tea and warmth. After a bit the horses were packed and we headed out toward the pass, Nyuksang La (4140m, 13,580ft). Several ladies of the village

accompanied us to the first chorten where we were toasted with ara and sung to as blessings for a safe journey. What a send off and what a trail, steadily up through broken cloud and into the mists of timberline and above. A solitary stone hut at timberline with the family out front to check us out is evidence of how hard many lives are in this area. Yaks wander the hillsides as we near the top of the pass, under a rhododendron bush Sarah spies a blue poppy, the rare national flower of Bhutan reputed to have great medicinal qualities. A short way up the trail we see a few more, that is quite a treat. The summit is shrouded in cloud but our elation is unfettered. As we head down past more yak we find a lower elevation version of the blue poppy, clearly a different plant. Down and down, lunch break, and down some more. Up along a ridge through a lot of mud, as we top out we look down into Sakten, a welcome sight after almost 10 hrs on the trail. Once again we locate the guest house and settle in, 7 of us this time as the two horsemen are with us as well, the communal room with the bukhari is cozy indeed.

The next day, our rest day in Sakten, is rainy and the bukhari is stoked with various pots on top cooking all day long. The bukhari here is a cast iron stove about 2½ ft long by 1 ft wide and sits on the floor. There is no door, no flue, and no covers for the two cooking holes, so it is essentially an open fireplace indoors. The eaves are open as well as a raised part of the roof and that is where the smoke is supposed to go. Late in the day the weather pattern holds and the rain stops. We venture out to explore the village which is a muddy mess. Flip flops with frequent washing at outdoor taps or knee high rubber boots are the ways locals deal with the mud. We use our crocs and wash often. The villages are still roadless, so foot traffic and animals are the only things in the narrow alleyways and paths between the houses. That night after dinner we walked under starry skies, nice to know they were still there.

Our final day of hiking dawns grey with a bit of rain. By the time we head out the rain has stopped. We had engaged another student to walk with us to Phongmey, his English was pretty good and he told us a lot about his village. The walk down the canyon was beautiful. The trail was the ancient route used for centuries, the weather was turning almost sunny, traffic on the trail was steady. Many pack trains as everything is brought into Sakten along this trail. The villages did get electricity a few years ago along with cell phone service, the roads are the last link to be completed. At the end of the day we cross a footbridge and come to a roadhead where we have arranged for a vehicle. Across the valley we can see the road being built which will lead to Sakten, these roads will certainly change the complexion of this area. The residents are understandably interested in the roads being completed, access to markets for buying and selling goods is very important to them.

We returned to Phongmey and then to Trashigang. We purchased tickets for a flight from Yonphula to Paro. This airport, the farthest east in Bhutan, has a runway which is bumpy, runs uphill halfway through, and is perched along a ridgetop in the foothills of the Himalaya, the far end drops away very steeply all the way to the valley. Summer, the rainy season is always hit and miss for the biweekly flights. We waited for several hours as the sun played with the clouds over the valley floor thousands of feet below. After a 4 hr wait the flight appeared out of the clouds right at the level of the runway, an amazing landing between two small hills and we were in business. The following day was election day, nothing open which chased us into a cab on homeward to Punakha, the circle completed.